Loom



(I. G. MOON April 7, 1936.

LOOM

Filed March 21, 1933 6 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEYS.

C. G. MOON April 7, 1936.

LOOM

1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 21,

INVENTOR- 4 W awwwwzw ATTORNEYS.

April 7, 1936.

c. G. MOON 2,36,7M

LOOM

Filed March 21, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 5;

IN V EN TOR.

A TTORNEYS.

April 7, figgfin c G. N EMMJFM LOOM Filed. March 21, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet4 INIYZTOR. 74/

A TTORNEYS.

April 7, 1936. c. G. MOON 2,036,714

LOOM

Filed March 21, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 April 7., 1936. c. G. MOON2,036,714

, E'iled March 21, 1953 s Sheets-Sheet 6 INVEN ATTORNEYS Patented Apr.7, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application March 21,

17 Claims.

This invention relates to a loom and has for one of its objects toprovide a loom in which coarse and loose or fiuffy sliver or roving,having little tensile strength, may be fed warpwise and formed into afabric.

Another object of the invention is the provision of means makingpossible the weaving of such soft untwisted fibrous materials as cotton,wool, asbestos, silk waste, wire waste or rayon in a silver or rovingform which may readily pull apart lengthwise with very little tensionupon them.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a loom in which thesmall fibers, which often extend outwardly from a sliver of looselyassembled fibers of a soft and resilient nature, will be guided orpressed in place and held in place during the interweaving of bindingthreads with the sliver that the desired fabric may be had.

Another object of the invention is the provision of means for guidingand maintaining such loosely assembled untwisted fibers that they willnot chafe with parts such as the reed or the like 25 through which theyare passed, and which is moved with reference to these slivers in theoperation of the lay of the loom.

Another object of the invention is the provi-' loose and fiuify materialhaving the fibers thereof extending outwardly from a coarse ropelikelength thereof which outwardly extending fibers of one portion wouldcatch in those of another portion if portions of such material wereattempted to be moved past each other in close proximity such as isnecessary in the manipulation of warp or weft in weaving.

A further object of the invention is the provision of such guiding meansfor the roving. or sliver that it will form the desired tension on theroving or sliver to control the operation of the same in the loom.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certainnovel features of con- 55 struction, as will be more fully described,and

1933, Serial No. 661,870

particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of the loom with parts brokenaway and some parts omitted to more clearly indicate the essentialfeatures of this invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the tube through which the warp strandsare passed.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the tubular guides and associatedportions of the loom.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the receiving end of the parts shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an end view of the opposite end of the structure shown in Fig.2.

Figs. 6 and 7 are sectional views largely diagrammatically illustratingthe diiferent positions in the manipulations of the tubes shown in Figs.1 to 4.

Figs. 8 and 9 are views similar to Figs. 5 and 6 showing the tubes of amodified shape.

Figs. 10 and 11 are views similar to Figs. 5 and 6 illustrating twoindependent groups of tubes, each group being independently operable andthus a modification and different from the construction heretoforementioned.

Fig. 12 is a fragmental sectional view of a still further modified formof this invention showing a stationary form of tube.

Fig. 13 is a plan view of a piece of my padding.

Figs. 14 and 15, fragmentary sections of the same taken respectively onlines l4--l4 and I5-l5 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 16 is a section of the same on line 16-46 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary perspectite view of a central portion of thesame, a portion of one of the body lengths being cut away to show themanner of binding.

Fig. 18 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of the multiple locking loops.

It has heretofore been impracticable to form into a fabric untwistedbulky material such as sliver of a soft nature, having protruding fibersor filaments and so little tensile strength that it cannot be fedwarpwise through a loom of ordinary construction, as a tension necessaryto form a shed will break it or the protruding fibers will catch andadhere to adjacent threads as they are attempted to be moved one pastthe other when in close proximity, and in order that this may beaccomplished I have so constructed a loom that the material such assliver may be mechanically handled by being guided and supported andmanipulated in a manner whereby this sliver will not pull apart and willnot catch or adhere to adjacent sliver or binding threads, and a fabricof unlimited length may be made with these slivers or strands runningwarpwise thereof, and the following is a detailed description of thepresent embodiment of this invention illustrating the preferred means bywhich these advantageous re== sults may be accomplished.

With reference to the drawings, the framework of the loom is designatedgenerally 35 in which the lay 36 has a shuttle raceway 31 with theshuttle 38 supported thereon. The harnesses 39 and 40 are here shown astwo in number although any number may be employed, the same numeralbeing used for both the top and bottom frame bars of each harness. Theheddles M of each of the harnesses extend from the top bar to the bottombar and pass through the comberboards 42 and 43. These harnesses areconnected by straps 44 to the levers or jacks 45 which are pivoted onthe shaft 46 and operated by cams 41 and 49 secured to shaft 49 which isdriven from the crank shaft 50 by gears and 52. The crank shaft isdriven from the opposite end of the loom and functions to reciprocatethe lay through the pitman 53 in the usual manner. It will be understoodthat the harnesses are connected together by a strap'54 passing over aguide 55 and about pulley 56 so that as one harness is pulled down theother harness in turn is pulled up as will be well recognized as usualin loomoperation.

The take-up roll is designated 51 and is operated in a usual manner tocause the fabric to be kept taught as it is fed forward, which feedingaction also serves for drawing the warp threads through the loom. Thereed is designated generally 58, and is mounted on the lay and consistsof a plurality of dents 59.

I have provided in the loom illustrated, a plurality of tubes designated60 and 6|, which have their delivery ends 62 disposed in a single plane,but with their receiving end being alternated as shown by the enteringends of tubes 60 and 6| being in staggered relation. The tubes at thereceiving end are supported firmly in a carrier or tube holding device63, which carrier is mounted either rigidly or rockably upon a shaft 64which, in turn is supported in block members 65 slidable in guideways 66by which the carrier may be caused to move in a desired direction byreason of the curved surfaces 61 and 68 of theseguideways forming ineffect a cam to control the movement of this carrier, and of course inturn will control the movement of the roving warps which are guidedthrough the tubes.

The bulky warps maybe sliver or roving designated 69 and each is drawnout of a suitable can or container where it is housed as received from acoiling machine. This sliver or roving is conducted over suitable rods Hand I2 acting as guides to elevate it to the desired level and thenenters the flared or trumpet shaped end 13 of the respective tubethrough which it is to be conducted. The fabric is formed at or aboutthe opposite ends of these tubes which are spaced a short distance fromthe take-up roll 51. The delivery ends of these tubes 62 are supportedby these warps of sliver or roving where they are bound in, or form thefinished fabric, and it will be apparent that theswinging of these tubesby movement of the carrier 63 will cause the tubes to move or swing inan are or in a path with the point of engagement of the fabric andtake-up roll as a pivot or center of movement These tubes each extendthrough the harnesses and the reed to conduct the sliver or rovingaosarm through them. The heddles are threaded in a usual manner withbinder warps, those threaded through harness 39 being designated 74 andthe binder warps passing through the heddles of the harness 49 beingdesignated 15. The warps M are drawn from the warp beam 16 over amovable tension guide Tl while the warps are drawn from warp beam l8over a movable tension guide 19. .These tension guides are rocked bymeans of arms 90 and BI connected to shafts B2 and 83 by means of levers84 and 85 which are connected by links 86 and. 8'! to the harness jacksor levers 45 so that as the harnesses reciprocate there is an evening ofthe tension by slackening of one tension rod H and taking up on theother tension rod- 119 in order that undue strain will not be placedupon the binder warps as the harnesses reciprocate. Each of these binderwarps l4 and 15 extend through the eyes of the heddles of the harnessesin the usual manner that the shed may be formed for the passage of theshuttle therethrough. I

A cam 88 is cut in the gear 89 driven from the gear 90 on the shaft 49,which cam has a cam follower mounted on the pin 9| for movement of therod 92 which in turn operates the strap 93 to move the carrier 63 fromthe position illustrated in Figs. 1 and 6 to a position with the block65 at the lower end of the slot 66 and the tubes in line with the lowerposition of the warp threads which pass through the heddles of theharness 40 as shown in Fig. '7.

The fabric designated generally 94 is taken up by the roll 51 which withsome assistance from the lay feeds or pulls the sliver 69 and the binderwarp threads 14 and 15 through the loom. The silver 69 is delivered fromthe ends 62 of the tubes in aligned relation as the centers of the tubesare in substantially a single plane. The binder warps and filling, orweft threads designated 95 are woven in somewhat a usual manner, that isreferring tothe illustration shown in Fig. 1, the tubes which guide thesliver or roving we may assume are located in the position shown in fulllines in Figs. 1 and 6, while in this position the shuttle will bepassed back and forth across the loom four picks and between each pick,the harnesses 39 and 40 will be given an alternate relation so that aone and one weave of the binder warp and filling threads will beproduced on one 'side of the sliver or roving 69. The binder warps arelocated between the tubes. As each pick occurs, the lay will moveforward to beat it up and the warps will be moved forwardly by thetake-up roll 51. After four picks have been inserted, or any givennumber I may choose for the desired effect, the carrier 63 will then bemoved so that the block number 65 will be at the bottom of the slot inwhich position the tubes will enter the grooves 96 between the fins 91on the raceway for the shuttle so as to lie below the edges of thesefins and protect the tubes against contact with the shuttle preventingwear on the tubes and also preventing the deflection of the shuttle fromits desired path due to any irregularlty in the tube. While-the tubesare in this lowered position, the picks of the shuttle will pass aboveor on the other side of the silver or roving similar to that shown at 98in Fig. 1. Four picks will be made, or any desired number, usually anumber corresponding to the number Just previously placed on the bottomor opposite side and between each of these picks the lay will moveforward to beat them up. These operations the travel of the shuttle.

are all controlled by positively driven parts from the crank or driveshaft and the cam is so shaped that the desired sequence of operationsin the desired times relation will occur. In this manner the roving orsliver warps are manipulated in their loose and fluffy condition withoutbeing twisted, chemically treated or sized.

It is found that the opening in the tubes substantially controls thethickness of the finished fabric and that so long as a roving or sliveris of a size equal to, or greater than the dimension of this tubingused, this will be substantially the result. It is required, however,for the successful operation of this loom with this mode of tension,that the sliver or roving be not smaller than the tube used as thefriction of this sliver or roving against the inner surface of the tubeis necessary in order that there be the required tension on this warpthat it may function satisfactorily, although this tension is veryslight. If the tube were larger than the roving or sliver some otherform of tension must be used such as flattening the end portion Ill ofthe carrier 63 by removable screws III; whereby different size tubes ortube spaced differently apart, may be substituted in the carrier.

In some instances it is desirable to draw the set of tubes backwardlyalong the soft roving or sliver strands which I accomplish by so shapingthe surface 61 or surfaces 61 and 68, that as the carrier 63 is movedfrom one position to another to perform this drawing action, and whenthis action is had it is particularly desirable that the carrier 63 bemovable relative to the shaft I54.

It is also desirable to cause the warp threads to be out of the path ofmovement of the carrier 63 that the warp threads will not draw over thecarrier when in certain of its positions, such for instance as in itsupper position shown in-Fig. 1, and to accomplish this I have providedguides 99 and I00 over which these threads may pass for theaccomplishment of this purpose.

In some instances it is desirable that such guide rods as 99 and I00 beomitted that the binder warps may be conducted in more nearly the planeof their weaving operation and to accomplish this I may bend the tubesas I have illustrated at I III in Figs. 8 and 9. In this manner theholder for the tubes and its guide may be positioned below the plane ofaction of the binder warp threads while the tubes are sufficiently rigidto support and direct the sliver or roving out of the path of It will,of course, be understood that a greater friction will be had on thebulky warps in this modification of the invention and possibly a largersize tube may be necessary to lessen the friction on the roving orsliver. It will, of course, be understood that in Fig. 8 the tubes IOIare in their raised position for the passage of the shuttle beneaththem, while in Fig. 9 they are in their lowered position for the passageof the shuttle over the bulky warps.

In the illustrations of Figs. 1 to 9 the sliver or roving is bound in'by binder warp threads and filling threads. In some cases I mayeliminate the binder warp threads entirely and manipulate the bulkywarps by manipulating the tubes so that a. filling thread may pass oversome and under some of the roving or sliver warps as the filling movesfrom one side of the loom to the other.

In Figs. 10 and 11 I have illustrated such an arrangement of the tubesthat may accomplish this result. Two groups of tubes, I02 and I03, areprovided, each group being secured in a carrier I 04 or I05. The bulkywarps are supplied from cans as above illustrated and alternate deliveryends of the tubes, or alternate groups of the ends of the tubes aremoved by the carriers I04 and I05, thus a shed is made between thesliver or roving warps in the same manner as by the harnesses inalternately interchanging the positions of the group of tubes I02 andI03 so that the shuttle may pass between them. One position isillustrated in Fig. 10, and the interchanging position is illustrated inFig. 11, so that first the group I02 is above and then the group I03 isabove with the other group below in each instance. In a loom arranged inthis manner where no binder warps are desired, the harnesses and theirmanipulating mechanism and the controls for the binder warps may beentirely eliminated or omitted.

In Fig. 12 I have illustrated a still further modified form of theinvention in which the tubular guide for the bulky warps is stationary.This,

illustration shows the double formation of fabric such as is frequentlyused in the formation of a pile fabric such as plushes or velvets- Thetwo ground fabrics I06 and I0! are woven in spaced relation with thethreads which are usually used for forming the pile portion of thefabric directed from one ground fabric to the other, only in theillustration which I have shown the ground fabrics will not be cutapart, and between these ground fabrics will be a stufling of theroving, sliver, or :3

loose untwisted material, as a stuffer, and it will enter between thesefabrics by being directed through a tube I08 which will be fixed andwhich will be so shaped by bending as at I09 that the delivery or flaredends IIII may be at any convenient point below the harnesses or somepoint out of the way of the operating mechanism for the receiving of thebulky warp 69. The two shuttles III and II? are thrown across the loomtogether by a pick-a-stick as is usual in this type of loom. The binderwarp threads which extends from one ground fabric to the other groundfabric together in this formation shown in Fig. 12 make a firm bindingto hold the roving in position.

The illustrations of this invention above set forth may be applied inthe different types of looms such as a fly shuttle, narrow fabric,needle,

nipper loom which may be noted for illustrative purposes.

In each of the illustrations Figs. 1 to 11 the tubular guides orconductors for the sliver or roving extend through the harnesses andreeds so that the binder warp threads are between the tubes and as thereed beats up the filling this sliver or roving will not be chafed. Insome instances it is desirable that the binding filling pass across thetubes adjacent their ends so that the reed will push the filling off theend of the tube as the pick is beaten up. In other instances the shuttlewill pass over the material after it has emerged from the tubes to liedirectly in contact with the sliver or roving, and in this instance thepick will be beaten .up by it being moved along the sliver or roving.

In some cases it may be desirable to leave a loop such as is shown atlI3 in Fig.3 which I may do by leaving a tube along the selvedge emptyand passing the shuttle over the end of the tube to loop the fillingabout the same. In a formation of the fabric in this manner these loopsprovide a means for attaching two selvedge edges of the fabric togetherto provide a wider web with its edges in an abutting relationeliminating a lapping of the selvedges as would be otherwise necessary.

It will be understood that any number of harnesses may be used toprovides. fabric of the desired design that the sliver or roving strandsmay be positioned intermittently to form thickened stripes with a web ofthin fabric betweenthesestripes or any various combinations may be hadas might be suggested to the fabric designed. The fabric is so firmlybound by the binding warp and filling threads that it may be cut withoutravelling, and as various different materials may be used such asasbestos and the like having little or not tensile strength, a goodinsulating fabric and fire resistant material may be formed. Also afabric may be formed, using as the bulky warp, groups of curled metallicribbons, which will be very resilient and durable and suitable forscouring purposes.

I have illustrated in Figs. 13 to 18 inclusive in more detail one formof fabric formed by this method. Fig. 13 illustrates the fabricdesignated generally H20. It consists of a series of sliver or rovingstrands l2l somewhat compressibly arranged side by side and in warpwiseparallel relationship. A group of weft threads is designated E23comprising a series of binding weft threads Wt along the top of thefabric H20, and a group N5 of weft threads Hi5 along the bottom of thefabric M0 the groups i235 and H25 are in somewhat staggered relation aswill be apparent from Figs. l6, l7, and 18. The threads HM and I26 areshown in Fig. 1'7 as having binding loops l2?! and'ltt for joining twoof the fabrics together widthwise. The binding warp threads are alsoarranged in groups i229 each thread being designated liifl. Each of thegroups He extend from one group of filling threads I23 to the othergroup l25 diagonally through, the thickness of the fabric throughout thelength thereof, and thus serves to bind the fabric in a certain definiteand predetermined thickness governed by the size of the tubes throughwhich the sliver or roving is delivered. Fig. 18 illustrates somewhatmore clearly how each thread I30 is interlaced over and under thefilling threads I24 and I26 thereby causing upwardly and downwardlydirected loops I33 and I34 causing the locking relationship of thethreads as desired.

It is, of course, understood that Fig. 18 is greatly enlarged showingabnormal spaced relation of the threads in orde'rthat their paths oftravel may be more clearly illustrated and followed in' the actualfabric. In the fabric formed there will be depressions I40 and MIbetween which the soft sliver or roving fibers will extend outwardlytwisted or slightly twister elongated group of fibers or filaments, or aroll of metallic material such assmall wires, shavings or ribbons whichaoseyia may be entangled together as a means of assembly.

The foregoing description is directed solely towards the constructionillustrated, but I desire it to be understood that I reserve theprivilege of resorting to all the mechanical changes to which the deviceis susceptible, the invention being defined and limited only by theterms of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, a plurality of tubes extendingthrough said harnesses and reed, means for securing said tubes togetherand means for moving said tubes to a point above or below the path oftravel of the filling carrier.

2. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, tubes for conducting aplurality of warp threads through said harnesses and reed but out ofcontact therewith, a movable support for said tubes, a cam, and meanssecured to said movable support and engaged by said cam for moving saidsupport.

3. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, tubes for conducting aplurality of warp threads through said harnesses and reed, a movablesupport for said tubes, a flexible member secured to said support, acam, and means secured to said flexible member and engaged by said camfor moving said support.

4. In a loom, a lay having a groove therein, a

reed secured to said lay, tubes for conducting a plurality of relativelylarge Warp threads through said reed and out of contact therewith, afilling carrier, means for moving said carrier across said lay, andmeans for moving said tubes into said groove and out of the path oftravel of said carrier.

' 5. In a loom, a reed, a frame provided with a slot therein, guides forconducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a movablesupport for said guides extending into said slot, and means for movingsaid support to be guided by the walls of said slot.

6. In a loom, a reed, a frame provided with slots therein having guidingedges, movable blocks in said slots engaging said edges, a supportsecured to said blocks, guides secured to said support for conducting aplurality of warp threads through said reed, and means for moving saidsupport to be guided by said blocks.

7. In a loom, a reed, a frame provided with a guide slot therein, tubesfor conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a movablesupport for said tubes extending into said slot, and means for movingsaid support to be guided by the walls of said slot.

8. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidablymounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted onsaid support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through saidreed, and means including a cam for moving said support whereby the sameis guided by said block in said slot.

9. In a loom,-a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidablymounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted onsaid support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through saidreed, a flexible member secured to said support, a cam, and meanssecured to said flexible member and engaged by said cam for moving saidsupport whereby the same is guided by said block in said slot.

10. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidablymounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted onsaid support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through saidreed, a flexible member secured to said support, a pivoted lever securedto said flexible member, and means engaging said lever for moving saidsupport whereby the same is guided by said block in said slot.

11. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidablymounted in said slot, 2. support secured to said block, tubes mounted onsaid support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through saidreed, a flexible member and cam means for engaging said lever for movingsaid support whereby the same is guided by said block in said slot.

12. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidablymounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted onsaid support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through saidreed, a flexible member secured to said support, a pivoted lever securedto said flexible member, a gear having a cam groove, a pin on said leverextending into said groove, and means for rotating said gear.

13. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidablymounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted onsaid support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through saidreed, a strap secured to said support, a pivoted lever secured to saidstrap, and means engaging said lever for moving said support whereby thesame is guided by said block in said slot.

14. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a curved slot therein, a blockslidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubesmounted on said support for conducting a plurality of warp threadsthrough said reed, and means for moving said support to be guided bysaid block and slot.

15. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a curved slototherein, a blockslidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubesmounted on said support for conducting a plurality of warp threadsthrough said reed, a flexible member secured to said support, a pivotedlever secured to said flexible member, a gear having a cam groovetherein, a pin on said lever extending into said groove, and means forrotating said gear to move said support to be guided by said block andslot.

16. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, a movable support, aplurality of units of tubes detachably secured on said support, saidtubes extending through said harnesses and reed'for conducting aplurality of relatively large warp threads through said harness and reedand out of contact therewith.

17. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, a plurality of groups ofguides extending from the rear of the harnesses to a point in front ofthe reed adjacent to the woven fabric for conducting warps of materialhaving little or no tensile strength thru the loom, and means to whichsaid guides are secured for moving said groups of guides oppositely andalternately to form a shed.

CLIFFORD G. MOON.

